Genital herpes (A sexually transmitted disease)

Introduction

Genital herpes is usually a sexually transmitted infection. Although many who are infected with herpes show no symptoms they can pass the infection to others by sexual contact. Genital herpes is an infection of the genitals (penis in men, vulva and vagina in women) and surrounding area of skin. Antiviral medication can ease symptoms when they develop.

Causative agents - Herpes simplex virus (sub type 2)

Pathogenesis/Action in the body

Genital herpes is usually passed on by close physical contact with someone who is already infected with the herpes simplex virus. The mucosa (moist skin) that lines the mouth, genitals and anus is the most susceptible to infection. Virus is most commonly spread by having vaginal, anal or oral sex with a patient.

Symptoms and signs

Symptoms can range from a mild soreness to painful blisters on the genitals (vulva, vagina or penis) and surrounding area. A first episode of symptoms can last 2-3 weeks, but may be shorter. Recurrent episodes of symptoms then develop in some cases on and off, but are usually less severe than the first episode. At first you may feel unwell with a mild fever, and aches and pains. Groups of small, painful blisters then appear around your genitals and/or anus. They tend to erupt in crops over 1-2 weeks. The blisters burst and turn to shallow, sore ulcers. The glands in your groin may swell and feel like lumps. Commonly females feel pain during urination.

Complications

Patient can get frequent recurrences and can infect their partner.

If a pregnant woman infected with herpes and is having active disease at the time of delivery, the baby has a risk of infection which can lead to serious neurological consequences including encephalitis.

Management

If suspected of herpes seek advice from a qualified medical practitioner or from a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. A course of anti viral medication is given after taking a swab from the ulcers/sores for confirmation. Painkillers such as paracetamol may help to ease the pain. If necessary the partner should be referred for treatment.

Prevention and promotion

Limit sexual relationship to one faithful partner. If not, using a barrier method like condoms may help but not 100% because all the sores of an infected person may not be covered by the condom such as sores around the anus etc.